The Periodization of Ukrainian Manor Estate Culture Development (the Eighteenth – the Beginning of the Twentieth Centuries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2022.03.134Keywords:
manor estate, manor estate culture of Ukraine, homestead, “cultural nest”, palaces, periodizationAbstract
The aim of the article is to make a periodization of the manor estate culture development on Ukrainian territory which was a part of the Russian Empire in the 18th – at the beginning of the 20th c.
Methodology. The authors use both general scientific methods and special scientific methods such as method of historiographical analysis and chronological method.
A scientific novelty of the article is consisted in the fact that this is the first attempt to analyze the periodical schemes of the manor estate culture development which were made at the Soviet times and the authors propose their own solution of this problem.
Conclusion. At the Soviet time serious attention to the periodization of the manor estate culture was not paid. Only two periodization schemes made by Soviet scholars exist: D.Shcherbakivskyi’s scheme (1924), and the architect V.Koziulin (1955). But he focused only on features of the composite design of manor estate complexes of Left-bank Ukraine. Modern researchers analyze manor estates as a cultural phenomenon and do not pay enough attention to the periodization of its development. That’s why it is important to examine this problem again. At the end of the 18th century manor estate became a center of Ukrainian provincial culture where both an elite and peasantry expressed and satisfied their spiritual and educational needs. As well a synthesis of different forms of folk and professional art took place there. Because of this the manor estate art reached a summit in the first half of the 19th c. In the second half of the 19th c. manor estate culture was transforming and new features were forming when old “noble nests” received new owners from bourgeoisie and the intellectuals. In the Soviet time developed of manor estate culture stopped completely. That’s why the manor estate culture development on Ukrainian territory which was a part of the Russian Empire might be divided into three periods: 1) the period of manor estates as husbandry enterprises (before the end of the 18th c.); 2) the period of noble estates as art centers (the end of the 18th – the first half of the 19th сc.); 3) the period of estates owned by bourgeoisie and the intellectuals (the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th сc.).
References
Barabash, N. O. (2013). Dvorianski sadybni kompleksy Dunaiets ta Yaroslavets za spomynamy M.A.Markevycha. Sivershchyna v istorii Ukrainy, 6, 323–327. [in Ukrainian].
Budzar, M. M. (2016). Zamiski maietky ukrainskykh intelektualiv na terenakh Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy u druhii polovyni XIX st. Umanska starovyna, 2, 5–11. [in Ukrainian].
Fedorova, L. D. (2015). Pryvatni zibrannia ukrainskoi starovyny Vasylia ta Mykoly Tarnovskykh u konteksti istorii muzeinoi spravy v Kyievi. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 6, 69–88. [in Ukrainian].
Kazmyrchuk, M., Mekh, N. (2021). Maietkova kultura Ukrainy u suchasnykh humanitarnykh ta pryrodnychykh doslidzhenniakh. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 3, 157–169. [in Ukrainian].
Kazmyrchuk, M. (2022). Poniattia «maietok» v ukrainskii kulturi naprykintsi XVIII – na pochatku XX st. Etnichna istoriia narodiv Evropy, 66, 7–15. [in Ukrainian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.66.01
Kozyulin, V. V. (1955). Kompozitsionnye prijomy v arkhitekture vtoroj poloviny XVIII i nachala XIX vv. (Na primerakh usadebnykh kompleksov Levoberezhnoj Ukrainy). Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis. Kiev. [in Russian].
Lobko, O. (2020). Dolia istorychnykh tsinnostei z nemyrivskoho palatsu Marii Shcherbatovoi pislia 1917 r. u zapyskakh suchasnykiv. Rol Fedora Ernsta u zberezhenni natsionalnoho spadku Ukrainy. I.Sribniak (Ed.) Człowiek, etnos, narod w historii świata, 42–52. Warszawa; Paryż. [in Ukrainian].
Lobko, O. A. (2006). Teplytsko-Bubnovetsko-Sytkovetskyi maietok rodyny Pototskykh XIX – pochatku XX st. Naukovi zapysky: Istorychni nauky, 52, 18–25. [in Ukrainian].
Mazepa, M. (2004). Maietky hetmana Mazepy u Rosiiskii Federatsii. Abstracts of Papers’04: Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia z nahody 295-i richnytsi z dnia smerti hetmana I. Mazepy. Baturyn. [in Ukrainian].
Reient, O. P. (2011). Do problemy skasuvannia kriposnoho prava v 1861 r. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 1, 43–51. [in Ukrainian].
Smyrnova, T. V. (2012). Problemy vyvchennia kulturnoi spadshchyny Volyni kintsia XVIII – pochatku XIX st. u spetsialnii literaturi. Ukrainska kultura: mynule, suchasne, shliakhy rozvytku, 18/2, 41–45. [in Ukrainian].
Zhukova, O. (2012). Khomutetska sadyba Muraviovykh-Apostoliv u konteksti suchasnykh muzeiefikatsiinykh protsesiv. Kultura Ukrainy, 37, 159–166. [in Ukrainian].
