"The Polish Question" in the Assessments of Representatives of Conservative and Liberal Thought in the Russian Empire (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2019.06.069Keywords:
conservatism, liberalism, monarchical ideology,Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the research is аnalyze and generalize the views of the Russian conservative and liberal thought representatives in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on the situation of the Polish ethnos inthe Russian Empire and possible ways of solving the problematic "Polish question". The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, determinism, continuity, systemicity. General scientific (logical analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specifically historical (historically genetic, historically comparative, historically situational, terminological analysis) methods are used in the article. Scientific novelty. On the basis of a wide range of sources, the vision of the Russian conservative and liberal politics on the "Polish question" in the Russian Empire was characterized and the actual impossibility of its solution in concrete historical conditions was substantiated. Conclusions. The Russian-Polish relations are interpreted in the closed systems of insoluble complex of political, social, political and national contradictions. Most Russian conservatives stood in positions of state nationalism whose ideological form in its conservative model could be defined as a combination of ideological monarchism, great-power chauvinism and reactionary conservatism. The priority area was determined by the "struggle against foreign domination" (first of all, with the Jewish one) and the separatism of the "outskirts" (primarily with the Polish national liberation movement) by administrative, administrative, socio-cultural and economic methods. For liberals, national movements were treated as potential allies in the struggle against the autocratic-bureaucratic system. At the same time, the liberals advocated the preservation of a single political space. They saw the reason for the exacerbation of the "Polish question" in the political terror of the tsarist. Their view, the collapse of the autocratic system and the introduction of decentralization would contribute to national reconciliation.
References
Beauvois, D. (1995). Histoire de la Pologne. Paris, Hatier, 460 p. [in French].
Beauvois, D. (2004). La Pologne: Histoire, Societe, Culture. Paris, 512 p. [in French].
Borejsza, J.W. (1966). Emigracja polska po powstaniu styczniowym. Warszawa, 437 s. [in Polish].
Bovua, D. (1998). Bytva za zemliu v Ukraini 1863–1914: poliaki v sotsio-etnichnykh konfliktakh. Kyiv: Krytyka, 334 s. [in Ukrainian].
Bovua, D. (2011). Gordiev uzel Rossiyskoy imperii: Vlast, shlyakhta i narod na Pravoberezhnoy Ukraine (1793–1914). Moskva: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 1008 s. [in Russian].
Bolshakova, O.V. (2019). Krizis Rossiyskoy imperii 1890–1914 gg. v zarubezhnoy istoriografii. Rossiyskaya istoriya, 2, 158–171. [in Russian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.31857/S086956870004497-7
Gula, R.V., Perederii, I.G. (2018). Voennyi terror komandovaniya voysk Yugo-Zapadnogo fronta v Vostochnoy Galitsii i Severnoy Bukovine (fevral – oktyabr 1917 g.). Rusin: Mezhdunarodnyi istoricheskii zhurnal, 53 (3), 50–63. [in Russian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.17223/18572685/53/4
Orekhov, A.M. (Ed.) (1988). Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie na polskikh zemlyah: osnovnyie ideynyie techeniya i politicheskie partii v 1864–1914 gg. Moskva: Nauka, 382 s. [in Russian].
Serczyk, W. (1979). Historia Ukrainy. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 499 s. [in Polish].
Shelokhaev, V.V., Solovyov, K.A. (2019). Krizis imperii kak istoriograficheskaya problema. Rossiyskaya istoriya, 2, 142–157. [in Russian].
Szyrinianc, A., Myrikowa A., Romanowska, M. (2015). "Wewnętrzna" rusofobia i "kwestia polska" w Rosji w XIX w. Politeja, 34/2, Studia Rosyjskie, 233–246. [in Polish].
