DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS IN VICTIMS OF THE CHORNOBYL DISASTER
(brief medical and biological analysis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/oncology.2026.02.091Keywords:
Chornobyl disaster, acute radiation sickness, cytogenetic dosimetry, chromosomal aberrations, bone marrow, radiation injuryAbstract
Aim: to summarize (including our own research) the experience of clinical diagnosis, cytogenetic assessment, and treatment of acute radiation sickness in victims of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident, as well as to determine the significance of the combined use of hematological and cytogenetic methods in biological dosimetry and prognosis of radiation injuries. Results of clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic examinations were performed in individuals exposed to external and internal irradiation following the Chornobyl accident and diagnosed with grade I–III acute radiation sickness were analyzed. It has been demonstrated that combined clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic approaches are effective for diagnosis and retrospective assessment of acute radiation sickness severity. Cytogenetic dosimetry remains one of the most informative methods for biological assessment of radiation exposure.
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