Peasant Self-Government in the Right-Bank Ukraine in the Second Half of the Nineteenth – Early Twentieth Centuries: the Personnel Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2021.03.028Keywords:
peasant self-government, peasant reform, volost, rural community, peasant community, conciliator (myrovyi poserednyk), Right-Bank UkraineAbstract
The purpose of the study is to reveal the process of formation of personnel of peasant administrations in the provinces of the Right-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, to trace the characteristic features of the selection of persons for various positions in the peasant self-government, to create typological portraits of the main leading and hired officials of the peasant administrations.
The research methodology includes a number of methods of cognition, namely the method of history (allowed to trace the progress in the formation and functioning of peasant self-government to protect socio-cultural and political changes in the empire of the 19th – early 20th centuries), method of factor analysis (contributed to the tracing of local specific features in the establishment and operation of peasant administrations).
Scientific novelty. Collective portraits of employees of peasant self-government bodies were created on the basis of various sources and historiographical research. Due to a comprehensive analysis of sources, generalized patterns and specifics of peasant self-government.
Conclusions. Peasant selfgovernment, introduced by the “Regulations on the Exodus of Peasants from Serfdom” in 1861, worked on two levels – volosty (association of several peasant communities, or one large village) and rural (peasant communities, consisting of several villages or one large village). The newly created peasant administrations: volosty and villages authorities, courts and assemblies (councils) were formed from members of peasant communities. Mostly of the administrations were occupied by peasants (rarely burghers), Ukrainians of the Orthodox faith. Preference in the selection of personnel to give persons literate, with a decent reputation, personal economic prosperity.
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