Separate Corps of Border Guards (1918–1919)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2022.02.061Keywords:
Separate Corps of Border Guards, border service, Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian StateAbstract
The purpose of the article is to cover the process of formation of the Separate Corps of Border Guards of Ukrainian People’s Republic and Ukrainian State during 1918–1919.
The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, multifactorial and comprehensive analysis. System and structural methods are used.
Scientific novelty. On the basis of archival, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and published sources, the organizational and legal principles of establishing the institute and structures of the state border service in Ukrainian People’s Republic and Ukrainian State are analyzed. Statistical data on the quantitative and territorial composition of the service are given. The locations of border guards, its number, governing bodies, funding, functions, responsibilities, tasks are indicated. It was noted on the close cooperation of the Border Guard with the Customs Service and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, government decisions on the formation and operation of the Separate Border Guard Corps, its activities and equipment. It is stated that the policy of the Ukrainian State (as well as the Ukrainian People’s Republic) in the field of legal and administrative arrangement and functioning of border guards was temporarily based on the all-Russian legal framework, which was adjusted by current laws, decrees, circulars and orders of Ukrainian governments and new political and economic agreements. state Ukraine with other countries, which was concluded during 1918 as full representatives of Ukrainian People’s Republic and Ukrainian State. The role of border guards was emphasized both in peacetime and during hostilities. The conclusions indicate that the main tasks of the Separate Corps of Border Guards were determined: the organization of border protection by setting up special posts; control over the movement of persons across the border in the presence of relevant documents and counteraction to illegal import (export) of goods, weapons, ammunition, etc.; detention of deserters and criminal elements; performing quarantine and police services at the border. Also, units of the Separate Border Guard Corps were to bear paramilitary responsibility for border security, working closely with the customs offices of the Department of Customs Duties of the Ministry of Finance and the Department of Border Care of the Ministry of Trade and Industry to protect Ukrainian industry and protect the interests of the treasury.
Emphasis was placed on the incompleteness of the process of formation of the border guard, its reformatting and re-subordination during the period of military failures and, finally, liquidation due to the collapse of Ukrainian statehood.
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