Honorary citizenship of cities of sub-Russian Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century: strategies of gratitude and loyalty
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2019.06.058Keywords:
honorary citizenship, cities, loyalty strategies, motivational mechanism, award, Russian Empire.Abstract
Abstract. The term “honorary citizenship” refers to historical homonyms – in the second half of the nineteenth century. This phrase has two meanings. One concerned the social status established in 1832, the second – the awards granted by the city councils in agreement with the emperor since the 1860s. The social status of honorary citizenship was a unique phenomenon and is more studied by historians. The award from the city council is a more universal phenomenon and exists till nowadays. The problem of honourable citizenship is not among the most important ones in the history, but it may be a kind of a showcase of the trends of the evolution of the urban society in late imperial Russia. The goal of this research is to analyze the award, which has not been in the focus of the historians. It reflects, on the one hand, the will of certain city dumas to pay tribute to one or another benefactor, on the other – the loyalty strategies and bureaucratic traditions that existed in the empire. The number of recipients in the entire empire reaches about 3000 people. During the study, the method of comparison and contextual analysis, as well as the method of typologies, was used. Case studies of honorary citizenship were considered in several cities of Ukraine under Russian rule – Kyiv, Katerynoslav, Sevastopol and Mykolaiv etc. Conclusions. All honorary citizens can be divided into three groups – bureaucracy (their award was a manifestation of just bureaucratic laws and loyalty strategies of city dumas; this category was the biggest one), benefactors (receiving them awards was already a manifestation of their strategies for building the image and the city’s desire to express gratitude for patronage) and public figures. The prestige of the title was undeniable (that’s why in reality many sought to get it), as well as the understanding of the urban elites of the need to focus on the central government. The author uses cases of Kyiv, Odesa, Mykolaiv and Sevastopol. Honorary citizenship in the cities of Ukraine in the imperial version lasted until 1917.
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