Regional differences in losses from the famine of 1932–1934 in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2017.02.076Keywords:
1932–1934 famine losses by oblast, Holodomor, regional Holodomor losses, Ukrainian famine, urban and rural Holodomor losses.Abstract
Yearly estimates of urban and rural direct losses (excess deaths) from the 1932–1934 famine are presented for the oblasts of Soviet Ukraine. Contrary to expectations, the highest losses are not found in the grain-producing southern oblasts, but in the north-central Kyiv and Kharkiv oblasts. Several hypotheses are proposed and tested to explain this finding. No single hypothesis provides a comprehensive explanation. Losses in some oblasts are due to specific factors, while losses in other oblasts seem to be explained by a combination of economic and political factors. Quantitative analyses are presented of resistance by and Soviet repressions of peasants in 1932, and effects of the food assistance program and historical-political factors on direct losses in 1933 are analyzed.
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