MICROENVIRONMENT OF TUMOR CELLS AS A SOURCE OF MODIFIERS OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND TARGET FOR PERSONALIZED ANTICANCER THERAPY
Keywords:
microenvironment of tumor cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, breast cancer, metastasis, disseminated tumor cells, cytokines, bone marrow, biomarkers of tumor progression.Abstract
Summary. Microenvironment of tumor cells (MTC),
originating from epithelial tissue is the sours of the cellular and humoral factors which control the proliferative activity of cancer cells and their phenotypic characteristics. Changing the phenotypic properties of individual cells from minimal mesenchymal signs to the
complete stem features is the primary defining characteristic of malignant tumors, leading to certain autonomy of its cells and their metastasis and drug resistance.
In this situation the individual factors of the MTC may
serve as markers of the degree of malignancy of the tumor and as a target for anticancer drugs. This article
summarizes the results of studies in which in patients
with breast cancer managed to identify biomarker elements of the MTC in bone marrow even before surgery.
It is allowed reliably predict the possible risk of disease
recurrence and facilitate rational correction of anticancer therapy that reduced the risk of metastasis. In the
tumors of different localization have demonstrated close
relationship of EMT biomarkers in tumors with the clinical course of the disease. In in vitro experiments we have
revealed some of the mechanisms of EMT that were activated by proinflammatory cytokines and bone marrow
cells of patients with metastatic risk and have showed anti-EMT effect of anticancer drugs used in the treatment.
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