MODERN CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Keywords:
myelodysplastic syndromes, classification, diagnosis.Abstract
Summary. The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with
varying degrees of pancytopenia in peripheral blood
and hyperplastic bone marrow, morphologic dysplastic
abnormalities involving one to three hematopoietic lineages and increased risk of transformation into acute
myeloid leukemia. For a long MDS were not considered as hematopoietic malignancies. The first FrenchAmerican-British classification of MDS was proposed
in 1976 and modified in 1982. In 1997 and 2001, and
later in 2008, a number of changes concerning MDS
were made in WHO classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. In the revised version of WHO classification
of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue published in 2016 some points on MDS classifications were
clarified and updated. The present review deals with the
principles of MDS diagnosis in the context of the updated classifications focusing on cytomorphology, immunophenotyping, genetic and clinical data.
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