СУЧАСНІ УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО КЛІНІКО-БІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РАДІОЙОДРЕЗИСТЕНТНИХ МЕТАСТАЗІВ ПАПІЛЯРНОГО РАКУ ЩИТОПОДІБНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ, ЧИННИКИ ЇХ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА МЕТОДИ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32471/oncology.2663-7928.t-22-3-2020-g.9057Ключові слова:
метастази, папілярний рак, передопераційне прогнозування, радіойод, радіойодрезистентність, тонкоголкова пункційна аспіраційна біопсія, цитологічна діагностика, щитоподібна залозаАнотація
Актуальною проблемою діагностики та лікування диференційованого раку щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) є радіойодрезистентні метастази (РЙРМ), що виникають у 4–20% випадків, клітини яких не здатні до накопичення радіойоду, і радіойодтерапія для яких стає неефективною. Втрата здатності до накопичення радіойоду обернено корелює із виживанням хворих на рак ЩЗ, середня медіана виживаності знижується до 2,5–3,5 року в пацієнтів із віддаленими РЙРМ. Мета огляду — аналіз публікацій наукової літератури та власних даних щодо відомих механізмів акумуляції радіойоду тиреоїдними клітинами та їх порушень, що лежать в основі розвитку радіойодрезистентності тиреоїдного раку, клініко-біологічних особливостей РЙРМ, методів відновлення здатності клітин до накопичення радіойоду та відомих способів прогнозування радіойодрезистентності. Здійснений аналіз спонукав до проведення пілотного комплексного цитологічного, цитохімічного та імуноцитохімічного дослідження матеріалу пунктатів РЙРМ (порівняно з відповідними групами папілярних карцином та їх метастазів) та виявив характерні цитологічні особливості резистентних до радіойоду клітин (низький вміст тиреоїдної пероксидази та тиреоглобуліну, наявність фенотипової гетерогенності епітелію), що дозволило створити на їх підставі методи передопераційного прогнозування радіойодрезистентності тиреоїдних карцином.
Посилання
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