ІМУНОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВПЛИВУ МАЛИХ ДОЗ ІОНІЗУЮЧОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ НА РИЗИК ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА ПЕРЕБІГ ПУХЛИННОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/oncology.2026.02.083Ключові слова:
аварія на ЧАЕС, малі дози іонізуючого випромінювання, онкологічний ризик, імунний статус, протипухлинна резистентність, соматичний ефект опромінення, генетичний ефект опроміненняАнотація
Стаття присвячена аналізу віддалених біологічних ефектів аварії на ЧАЕС, зокрема проблемі онкологічного ризику. На основі сучасних клінічних та експериментальних даних обґрунтовано високу біологічну активність малих доз іонізуючої радіації, тривалий вплив яких призводить до системних порушень гомеостазу. Особливу увагу приділено ролі імунної системи, яка відіграє ключову патогенетичну роль у розвитку віддалених наслідків. Представлені та проаналізовані ретроспективні дані щодо результатів досліджень, що проводились співробітниками Інституту експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України, та були присвячені впливу малих доз іонізуючого випромінювання на організм кількох поколінь нащадків тварин різних видів (миші, щури) за різних умов їх опромінення. Досліджені особливості реакції кровотворної та імунної систем за різних дозових навантажень, динаміка імунологічних показників в різних поколіннях тварин постійно опромінюваної популяції (соматичний ефект опромінення), вплив опромінення одного або обох батьків на стан імунної системи їх нащадків (генетичний ефект опромінення), зміни протипухлинної резистентності опромінених тварин та їх нащадків кількох поколінь Метою цього огляду є аналіз можливих механізмів імунологічно опосередкованого впливу малих доз іонізуючого випромінювання на ризик виникнення та особливості перебігу злоякісних пухлинних процесів.
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