BUSINESS RELOCATION IN UKRAINE: STATE SUPPORT MECHANISMS AND LEGAL GAPS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2025.04.096Ключові слова:
state support, business relocation, enterprise, socially responsible behavior, public policy, government program, economic recovery, tax incentives, business preferences, vulnerable groups, displaced persons, the Russia — Uk raine warАнотація
This article explores the legal and policy framework of state support for business relocation in Ukraine in response to the full-scale war. Drawing on both national practices and international experience in post-crisis economic recovery, the study assesses the effectiveness of current instruments, such as organizational assistance, preferential leasing, regional grant programs, and international donor initiatives. The findings indicate that while the Ukrainian government launched the relocation program quickly and effectively ensured logistical support, the legal and financial mechanisms remain fragmented, with limited systemic tools for post-relocation business development. The article highlights key challenges, including bureaucratic complexity, unequal regional support, and the absence of a unified national strategy. Based on best practices from countries like the United States, Japan, and New Zea land, it outlines priority directions for Ukraine: targeted wage subsidies, concessional financing, tax incentives, institutional support, and coordinated governance mechanisms. The paper concludes that relocated enterprises should be integrated into a broader policy of economic resilience and regional development, with clear legislative and programmatic backing at both national and local levels.
Посилання
REFERENCES
Ponad 11 tys. kompanii zminyly adresu reiestratsii u 2024 rotsi. Opendatabot. URL: https://opendatabot.ua/analytics/business-migration-2024 [in Ukrainian].
Shchodo zapytu na publichnu informatsiiu: Lyst Ministerstva ekonomiky Ukrainy vid 25.04.2025 No. 4803-08/32874 [in Ukrainian].
Khersonska oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 30.04.2025 No. 01-0182-4575/0/25/13 [in Ukrainian].
Tsiupryk V.I. Pravove rehuliuvannia relokatsii pidpryiemstv v umovakh voiennoho stanu v Ukraini: teoretyko-pravovyi analiz. Ekonomika. Finansy. Pravo. 2022. No. 5/3. P. 9-12. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.5(3).2 [in Ukrainian].
Melnyk M. I., Leshchukh I. V. Osoblyvosti, problemy ta stymuly relokatsii natsionalnoho vyrobnytstva v umovakh viiny. Re hionalna ekonomika. 2022. No. 2. P. 94-100. URL: https://re.gov.ua/re202202/re202202_094_MelnykMI, LeshchukhIV.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Hudima T.S., Yershova Yu.O., Soshnykov A.O. Business resilience through the lens of economically hazardous events: The legal landscape of Ukraine. Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. 2024. Vol. 31. No. 2. P. 187-206.
Mulska O.P., Vasyltsiv T.H., Baraniak I.Ye. Relokatsiia biznesu v oblasti Karpatskoho rehionu Ukrainy v umovakh viiny: instrumenty pidtrymky ta rivnia zahroz. Sotsialno-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrainy: zb. nauk. pr. 2022. No. 2 (154). P. 30-38. https://doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2022-2-5 [in Ukrainian].
Dahlhamer J. M., Tierney K. J. Rebounding from disruptive events: Business recovery following the Northridge earthquake. Sociological Spectrum. 1998. No. 18 (2). P. 121-141.
McDonald T., Florax R., Marshal M. (2014, July 27-29). Informal and formal financial resources and small business resilience to disasters (Paper No. 170332). Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 2014 Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.170332
Xiao Y., Van Zandt S. Building community resiliency: Spatial links between household and business post-disaster return. Urban Studies. 2012. No. 49 (11). P. 2523-2542.
Fischer-Smith R. The Earthquake Support Subsidy for Christchurch’s small and medium enterprises: Perspectives from business owners. Small Enterprise Research. 2013. No. 20 (1). P. 40-54.
Cole M., Elliott R., Okubo T., Strobl E. Pre-disaster planning and post-disaster aid: Examining the impact of the Great East Japan earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2017. No. 21. P. 291-302.
Ustymenko V., Zeldina O., Teremetskyi V., Herasymenko N., Batryn O. Legal instruments for solving socio-economic problems in Buchanskyi district of Kyiv region: International experience and legislation of Ukraine. Cuestiones Políticas. 2022. No. 40 (75). P. 649-664. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.39 [in Ukrainian].
Pro zasady vnutrishnoi i zovnishnoi polityky: Zakon Ukrainy vid 01.07.2010 No. 2411-VI. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2411-17#Text [in Ukrainian].
Hospodarskyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 16.01.2003 No. 436-IV. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/436-15#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro rozvytok ta derzhavnu pidtrymku maloho i serednoho pidpryiemnytstva v Ukraini: Zakon Ukrainy vid 22.03.2012 No. 4618-VI. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4618-17#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro zatverdzhennia planu nevidkladnykh zakhodiv z peremishchennia u razi potreby vyrobnychykh potuzhnostei subiektiv hospodariuvannia z terytorii, de vedutsia boiovi dii ta/abo ye zahroza boiovykh dii, na bezpechnu terytoriiu: rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 25.03.2022 No. 246-r. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/246-2022-%D1%80#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro osoblyvosti roboty aktsionernoho tovarystva “Ukrposhta” v umovakh voiennoho stanu: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 17.03.2022 No. 305. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/305-2022-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro vnesennia zmin do Zakonu Ukrainy “Pro orendu derzhavnoho ta komunalnoho maina”: Zakon Ukrainy vid 01.04.2022 No. 2181-IX. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2181-IX#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro osoblyvosti orendy derzhavnoho ta komunalnoho maina u period voiennoho stanu: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 27.05.2022 No. 634. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/634-2022-%D0%BF/ed20220527#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro skhvalennia Stratehii vidnovlennia, staloho rozvytku ta tsyfrovoi transformatsii maloho i serednoho pidpryiemnytstva na period do 2027 roku ta zatverdzhennia operatsiinoho planu zakhodiv z yii realizatsii u 2024-2027 rokakh: rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30.08.2024 No. 821-r. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/821-2024-%D1%80#Text [in Ukrainian].
Soshnykov A.O. Sponukannia subiektiv hospodariuvannia do sotsialno vidpovidalnoï povedinky: okremi instrumenty. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravo. 2024. No. 83. P. 403-412. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.83.1.60 [in Ukrainian].
Soshnykov A., Kobets O. Public financing of project activities of individual business entities as a means of implementing socially responsible behavior practices. 3rd International Conference on Relationship between Public Administration and Business Entities Management (Estonia, November 24, 2023). P. 37-39. URL: https://conf.scnchub.com/index.php/RPABM/RPABM-2023/paper/view/602
Holovne upravlinnia Derzhavnoi podatkovoi sluzhby u Vinnytskii oblasti: Lyst vid 29.04.2025 No. 60/ZPI/02-32-12-01-17 [in Ukrainian].
Rivnenska oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 30.04.2025 No. ZP-75/0/16-08/25 [in Ukrainian].
Khmelnytska oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 30.04.2025 No. 80/15-41-3916/2025 [in Ukrainian].
Ternopilska oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 29.04.2025 No. 02-4468 [in Ukrainian].
Ivano-Frankivskyi oblasnyi tsentr zainiatosti: Lyst vid 28.04.2025 No. 1090/06/88-25. [in Ukrainian].
Pro skhvalennia Stratehii derzhavnoi polityky shchodo vnutrishnoho peremishchennia na period do 2025 roku ta zatverdzhennia operatsiinoho planu zakhodiv z yii realizatsii u 2023-2025 rokakh: rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 07.04.2023 No. 312-r. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/312-2023-%D1%80#Text [in Ukrainian].
Lvivska OVA rozpochynaie realizatsiiu Prohramy pidtrymky biznesu u Lvivskii oblasti na period voiennoho stanu. URL: https://lviv.dcz.gov.ua/novyna/lvivska-ova-rozpochynaye-realizaciyu-programy-pidtrymky-biznesu-u-lvivskiy-oblasti-na-period [in Ukrainian].
Kompensatsiina prohrama dlia relokovanykh pidpryiemstv vid Chernivetskoi OVA. URL: https://www.oschadbank.ua/msb/kompensacijna-programa-dla-relokovanih-pidpriemstv-vid-cerniveckoi-ova [in Ukrainian].
Kyivska oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 30.04.2025 No. 245/24/02/2025 [in Ukrainian].
Departament informatsiinoi diialnosti ta komunikatsii z hromadskistiu Sumskoi oblasnoi derzhavnoi administratsii: Lyst vid 28.04.2025 No. 03.2-12/216 [in Ukrainian].
Zaporizka oblasna viiskova administratsiia: Lyst vid 29.04.2025 No. 79-6-154-e [in Ukrainian].
Departament mizhnarodnoho spivrobitnytstva ta rehionalnoho rozvytku Vinnytskoi oblasnoi viiskovoi administratsii: Lyst vid 25.04.2025 No. 634/3-3 [in Ukrainian].
Yershova Yu.O. Okremi pytannia zakonodavchoho rehuliuvannia relokatsii subiektiv hospodariuvannia. Naukovyi chasopys UDU imeni Mykhaila Drahomanova. Seriia: Pravo. 2024. No. 41. P. 48-56. https://doi.org/10.31392/NPU-nc.series18.2024.41.07 [in Ukrainian].
YeS pidtrymuie MSP cherez 40+ proiektiv v Ukraini. EU4Business in Ukraine. URL: https://eu4business.org.ua/projects/availability-completed [in Ukrainian].
YeS pidtrymuie MSP cherez 40+ proiektiv v Ukraini. EU4Business in Ukraine. URL: https://eu4business.org.ua/projects/availability-ongoing [in Ukrainian].
Instrumenty pidtrymky biznesu v period voiennoho stanu v Ukraini. Serpen 2023 roku. Natsionalnyi instytut stratehichnykh doslidzhen. URL: https://niss.gov.ua/news/komentari-ekspertiv/instrumenty-pidtrymky-biznesu-v-periodvoyennoho-stanu-v-ukrayini-serpen [in Ukrainian].
Biudzhetnyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 08.07.2010 No. 2456-VI. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2456-17#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku vykorystannia koshtiv rezervnoho fondu biudzhetu: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrai ny vid 29.03.2002 No. 415. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/415-2002-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
