РЕГУЛЯТОРНА «ПІСОЧНИЦЯ» (ПЛАТФОРМА) ЯК ФОРМА ІННОВАЦІЙНО ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ПРАВОВОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ: ДОСВІД ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2025.02.003Ключові слова:
регуляторна «пісочниця» (платформа), правовий експеримент, інновація, модель адаптивного регулювання, спеціальний режим здійснення господарської діяльності, право ЄСАнотація
Доведено, що регуляторна «пісочниця» за своєю суттю є багатовимірним правовим явищем, яке за сукупністю ознак можна одночасно віднести до: форми правового експерименту; моделі адаптивного регулювання; спеціального режиму здійснення господарської діяльності. Обґрунтовано, що з урахуванням прогресивної правотворчої практики ЄС та підходів, закладених в актах права ЄС, потребує удосконалення національне законодавство, що визначає загальні підходи до юридичного проєктування актів законодавства у частині створення передумов для інноваційно орієнтованого правового експерименту у формі регуляторної «пісочниці» (платформи) та особливості формування правової моделі регуляторної «пісочниці» (платформи).
Посилання
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The 2025 Annual Single Market and Competitiveness Report. COM/2025/26 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0026#footnoteref69.
Stratehiia tsyfrovoho rozvytku innovatsiinoi diialnosti Ukrainy na period do 2030 roku: rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 31.12.2024 № 1351-r. Ofitsiinyi vebportal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1351-2024-r#Text. [in Ukrainian].
Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. World Intellectual Property Organization. URL: https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/assets/67729/2000%20Global%20Innovation%20Index%202024_WEB3lite.pdf.
Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. World Intellectual Property Organization. URL: https://www.wipo.int/documents/d/global-innovation-index/docs-en-wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf.
Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website. URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac14da1_en?filename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf.
General EU position. Ministerial meeting opening the Intergovernmental Conference on the Accession of Ukraine to the European Union (Luxembourg, 25 June 2024). Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/hzmfw1ji/public-ad00009en24.pdf.
Stratehiia vidnovlennia, staloho rozvytku ta tsyfrovoi transformatsii maloho i serednoho pidpryiemnytstva na period do 2027 roku: rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 serpnia 2024 r. № 821-r. Ofitsiinyi vebportal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/821-2024-r#Text. [in Ukrainian].
Kushchyk A., Kairachka N. Functioning of regulatory «sandboxes»: problems, problems, prospects. Ekonomika i rehion Economics and Region. 2023. № 1(88). S. 46–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26906/EiR.2023.1(88).2870.
Voievodina H.I. Maibutni mirkuvannia shchodo zahalnoievropeiskoho rehuliuvannia virtualnykh aktyviv. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia PRAVO. 2024. Vyp. 84. Ch. 4. S. 239-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.84.4.33. [in Ukrainian].
Dziundziuk B.V. Detsentralizatsiia blokchein-vidnosyn ta rol derzhavy. Aktualni pytannia u suchasnii nautsi. 2025. № 3(33). S. 274-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-6300-2025-3(33)-274-283. [in Ukrainian].
Chernykh O.S. Aktualni problemy pravovoho rehuliuvannia zastosuvannia blokchein tekhnolohii v hospodarskii diialnosti. Pravo i suspilstvo. 2024. № 5. S. 154-159. [in Ukrainian].
Argjenta Veseli, Simon Moser, Klaus Kubeczko, Verena Madner, Anna Wang, Klaus Wolfsgruber. Practical necessity and legal options for introducing energy regulatory sandboxes in Austria. Utilities Policy. 2021. Volume 73. 101296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2021.101296.
Heymann F., Schmid J., Vazquez M., Galus M., Regulatory sandboxes in the energy sector – review and learnings for the case of Switzerland. IET Conference Proceedings. Volume 2021, Issue 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1730.
Štefanek Štefan.. Regulatory sandboxes and experimentation clauses: an attempt to make the (Croatian) legal system more entrepreneurial. EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series (ECLIC). 2022. V. 6. P. 213–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22416.
Jeník Ivo and Schan Duff. How to Build a Regulatory Sandbox: A Practical Guide for Policy Makers. Technical Guide. Washington, D.C.: CGAP. 2020. 35 p. URL: https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/publications/2020_09_Technical_Guide_How_To_Build_Regulatory_Sandbox.pdf.
Innovatsiina Ukraina 2020: natsionalna dopovid / za zah. red. V.M. Heitsia ta in.; NAN Ukrainy. K., 2015. 336 s.
Commission staff working document. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A New European Innovation Agenda. COM(2022) 332 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52022SC0187.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A New European Innovation Agenda. COM/2022/332 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022DC0332&qid=1742242625232#footnote53.
Council Conclusions on Regulatory sandboxes and experimentation clauses as tools for an innovation-friendly, future-proof and resilient regulatory framework that masters disruptive challenges in the digital age. 16 November 2020. 13026/20. Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13026-2020-INIT/en/pdf.
Better regulation toolbox (July 2023 edition). European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/9c8d2189-8abd-4f29-84e9-abc843cc68e0_en?filename=BR%20toolbox%20-%20Jul%202023%20-%20FINAL.pdf.
Commission Staff working document. Regulatory learning in the EU Guidance on regulatory sandboxes, testbeds, and living labs in the EU, with a focus section on energy. 29.08.2023. SWD(2023) 277/2 final. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. URL: https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fc6f35cd-a8d6-4770-aefe-c09ca85cff8c_en?filename=swd_2023_277_f1.pdf.
Attrey A., Lesher M. And Lomax C. The role of sandboxes in promoting flexibility and innovation in the digital age. OECD Going Digital Toolkit Notes. 2020. № 2, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/cdf5ed45-en.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe. COM/2022/652 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0652.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02024R1735-20240628.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions an eu initiative on web 4.0 and virtual worlds: a head start in the next technological transition. COM/2023/442 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52023DC0442&qid=1742242625232#footnoteref51.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng.
Research and Innovation friendly regulation - Council conclusions, adopted on 27.05.2016, 9510/16. Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9510-2016-INIT/en/pdf.
Regulatory Sandboxes – Testing Environments for Innovation and Regulation. German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. URL: https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/regulatory-sandboxes.html.
Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle. 02.02.2000. COM(2000) 1 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52000DC0001&from=EN.
Bila knyha z rehuliuvannia shtuchnoho intelektu v Ukraini: bachennia Mintsyfry. Ministerstvo tsyfrovoi transformatsii Ukrainy. URL: https://thedigital.gov.ua/storage/uploads/files/page/community/docs/Rehuliuvannia%20ShI.pdf. [in Ukrainian].
Radostina Parenti. Regulatory sandboxes and innovation hubs for FinTech: impact on innovation, financial stability and supervisory convergence: study requested by the ECON committee; European Parliament, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies. Luxembourg: European Parliament. September 2020. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/652752/IPOL_STU(2020)652752_EN.pdf.
Making space for innovation: The handbook for regulatory sandboxes. July 2019. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). URL: https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Digitale-Welt/handbook-regulatory-sandboxes.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1.
Pro finansovi posluhy ta finansovi kompanii: Zakon Ukrainy vid 14.12.2021 № 1953-IX. Ofitsiinyi vebportal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1953-20#Text. [in Ukrainian].
Polozhennia pro rehuliatornu platformu dlia testuvannia posluh, tekhnolohii ta instrumentiv na rynkakh finansovykh posluh, platizhnomu rynku, zasnovanykh na innovatsiinykh tekhnolohiiakh, zatverdzhene Postanovoiu Pravlinnia Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy vid 30.03.2023 № 39. Ofitsiinyi vebportal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0039500-23#Text. [in Ukrainian].
Dopovid Venetsiiskoi komisii № 512/2009 «Verkhovenstvo prava», yaka skhvalena na 86-mu plenarnomu zasidanni (Venetsiia, 25-26 bereznia 2011 roku). Pravo Ukrainy. 2011. № 10. S. 168–184. [in Ukrainian].
Fulei T.I. Zastosuvannia praktyky Yevropeiskoho sudu z prav liudyny v administratyvnomu sudochynstvi: Naukovo-metodychnyi posibnyk dlia suddiv. 3-tie vyd., dopov. K.: VAITE, 2020. 276 s. [in Ukrainian].
Rishennia Yevropeiskoho sudu z prav liudyny u spravi «Vierentsov proty Ukrainy» (Zaiava № 20372/11) vid 11.04.2013. Ofitsiinyi vebportal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/974_945#Text. [in Ukrainian].
Ustymenko V., Dzhabrailov R. Utverdzhennia sotsialnoi spravedlyvosti v suspilstvi: deiaki pidkhody u pravotvorchii ta pravozastosovnii praktytsi. Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy. 2023. Tom 30. № 3. S.126–155. DOI: 10.31359/1993‑0909‑2023‑30‑3‑126. [in Ukrainian].
New flexibility for innovation: Guide for formulating experimentation clauses. July 2024. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Digitale-Welt/guide-new-flexibility-for-innovation-en-july-2024.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3.
Communication from the Commission Framework for state aid for research and development and innovation. C/2022/7388 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=PI_COM:C(2022)7388#footnoteref33.
Regulation (EU) 2024/903 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 March 2024 laying down measures for a high level of public sector interoperability across the Union (Interoperable Europe Act). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R0903.
