Ukrainian and Russian Narratives of the History of OUN and UIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2023.06.235Keywords:
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA; also UPA), historiography, propaganda, commemoration, Ukraine, Russia, historical politics., Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA; also UPA), historiography, propaganda, commemoration, Ukraine, Russia, historical politicsAbstract
The purpose is a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Russian narratives of the history of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA; also UPA) in 1992—2023.
Methodology. Problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods and historiographical analysis and synthesis methods were used.
The scientific novelty consists of the comparative analysis of the defined narratives of the two countries of the last three decades. Based on a wide range of sources, the historical policy and the policy of memory concerning the OUN and UIA were analyzed, and the state of study of the topic, peculiarities, and characteristic features of national historiography were determined. The fundamental difference between the Ukrainian and Russian narratives of the history of the OUN and UIA, created in the period 1992—2023, is emphasized.
Conclusions. It has been determined that during the reign of V. Putin in the Russian Federation, a purposeful historical policy was implemented designed to justify the imperial ambitions of the Kremlin regime. Historical politics was gradually replaced by historical expansion, the goal of which was attempts to forcibly impose one’s views on the past on own population, scientists, and other states. An important element of this expansion was the mythical narrative about the OUN and UIA, which is mostly unscientific and propagandistic. In the conditions of the gradual introduction of repressive commemorative legislation, an objective study of the history of the Ukrainian national liberation movement of the 1930s—1950s in Russia became impossible. On the other hand, in Ukraine, despite the attempts of the authorities to influence the scientific environment, historians generally studied and presented to the people a complete picture of the history of the OUN and UIA. At the same time, the absence of state censorship led to a wide variety of views on the problem and an active scientific discussion around its controversial aspects. Based on these scientific studies, a process of radical changes in public consciousness and collective memory, the formation of a generally accepted historical narrative, which strengthens national and interregional consolidation, is observed in Ukraine. The symbolism and heroics of the OUN and UIA became an important unifying factor in rebuff the Russian invasion.
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