ДЕСКРИПТИВНА ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЯ ОНКОГЕМАТОЛОГІЧНИХ НАСЛІДКІВ АВАРІЇ НА ЧАЕС ДЛЯ ДИТЯЧОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ, РЕСПУБЛІКИ БІЛОРУСЬ ТА РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ
Ключові слова:
аварія на ЧАЕС, гемобластози у дітей, епідеміологія, захворюваністьАнотація
Епідеміологічні дані, наявні на момент аварії на ЧАЕС, свідчать про те, що лейкози у дітей мають найбільш високі коефіцієнти радіаційного ризику. Після аварії на ЧАЕС було проведено ряд досліджень зі з'ясування можливого зв'язку між тривалим впливом радіації в малих дозах і ризиком виникнення гострих лейкозів у дітей. У роботі представлений аналіз результатів таких досліджень за даними доступної літератури, проаналізовано їхню методологію. Розглянуто труднощі, пов'язані з вивченням лейкемогенних ефектів радіації в постчорнобильський період. Дескриптивні екологічні дослідження, проведені до теперішнього часу, не мають достатньої чутливості для виявлення можливого відносно невеликого приросту частоти лейкозів у дітей, які проживають в регіонах, забруднених радіонуклідами. Розглянуто також дані з вивчення структури лейкозів і лімфом у дітей України в постчорнобильському періоді, отримані у відділі онкогематології Інституту експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України впродовж 1994-2005 рр. Хоча поодинокі дослідження за методом "випадок-контроль" виявили дозозалежне зростання ризику розвитку гемобластозів у дітей в умовах довготривалого впливу радіації в малих дозах, вони поки недостатні для остаточного судження щодо онкогематологічні наслідки аварії на ЧАЕС для дитячого населення України, Республіки Білорусь та Російської Федерації. Подальший аналіз різних форм гемобластозів серед осіб, що народилися в ранні терміни після аварії на ЧАЕС, важливий для вирішення питання про можливі наслідки тривалого опромінення в малих дозах.
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