ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТКАНИ И ОНКОГЕНЕЗ. IV. МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНАЯ СТВОЛОВАЯ КЛЕТКА: ЧТО ОПРЕДЕЛЯЕТ НЕОДНОЗНАЧНОСТЬ ЕЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ?
Ключові слова:
система соединительной ткани, онкогенез, мезенхимальная стволовая клетка, миграция, микроокружение, стимуляция роста опухоли, ангиогенез, иммуносупрессия, ниши, эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход, везикулы, miRNs.Анотація
Мезенхимальная стволовая клетка (MSC) обладает рядом свойств, отличающих ее от других клеток соединительной ткани, может оказывать разнонаправленное влияние (стимуляция и ингибиция) на опухолевый рост. Втоже
время MSC сейчас достаточно широко используются для лечения ряда заболеваний, в том числе неонкологических. Учитывая изложенное, целью данного обзора явилось направленное рассмотрение роли и механизмов участия
MSC в развитии злокачественных новообразований. Проанализированы современные данные о тропизме MSC и ее миграции в микроокружение опухоли, влиянии на опухолевый рост (включая формирование ниш), на ангиогенез
и иммунологические процессы (в отношении которых проявляется преимущественно супрессивное действие). Рассмотрено значение MSC и их везикул в эпителиально-мезенхимальном переходе, изменение свойств опухолевых
клеток и характера роста опухоли (интенсивность пролиферации, метастазирования). Обсуждаются вопросы гетерогенности MSC, а также влияния микроокружения на их функционирование. Подчеркивается, что роль
MSC в опухолевом процессе выходит за рамки микроокружения. Постулировано, что сформированные в настоящее время представления об участии
MSC в опухолевом росте достаточно противоречивы, что обосновывает
настороженность в отношении последствий клинического использования
MSC и необходимость выработки дополнительных критериев для применения этих клеток в терапии.
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