MODERNIZATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND USE BASED ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2019.03.049Keywords:
renewables, biomass, biofuels, energy crops, sustainability criteriaAbstract
The present paper is dedicated to the research of legal regulation of biomass production and use as a source of energy. The main aim of this paper is to ground the offers for modernization of mentioned regulation based on principles and goals of sustainable development. It is shown that the role of biomass in moving towards sustainable development goals is mixed. On the one hand, biomass has significant advantages over both non-renewables and other renewables. On the other hand, unsustainable biomass production and use can negatively affect water and forest resources, biodiversity, climate, food security and agriculture. The analysis of the effective properties of legal regulation based on the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Alternative Energy Sources" and of the Law of Ukraine "On Alternative Fuels" is presented. The sustainability criteria for different types of biofuel established in EU legislation are considered. In particular, special attention is given to the new criteria stipulated by the Directive 2018/2001 of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. It is offered to develop and introduce in Ukraine the national sustainability criteria for biofuels produced from forest biomass considering the provisions of EU Directive and high demand for wood fuel in the country. The paper also proposes to adapt to the sustainability criteria of energy and related legislation (fo restry, land, agricultural and other). It is underlined that the introduction of sustainability criteria for biofuels can have a reverse side, associated with an increase in the export of biofuels in the European Union with their deficit in the domestic market. In order to enhance domestic demand for sustainable biofuels, it is advisable to turn to effective stimulus, such as "green" tariff for electricity producers. The paper argues the need to establish a "green" tariff only for those biomass electricity producers that use sustainable biofuels.
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