«...Where Khmelnychenok Lies» (On the Question of the Last Years of Yu.Khmelnytskyi’s Life and Burial Place)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2022.03.142Keywords:
Yurii Khmelnytskyi, Hedeon, monasticism, pilgrimage, Constantinople Patriarchate, Jerusalem Patriarchate, Callipolis, Gelibolu, Gallipoli peninsulaAbstract
Yu.Khmelnytskyi is one of the most controversial figures in Ukrainian history. As a rule, in historical literature it is presented in a more negative light than positive. There are reasons to assert the dominance of many myths related to the son of B.Khmelnytskyi in scientific works. Nevertheless, detailed studies of the hetman’s biography have not yet been created. Many aspects of his political activity, as well as the last years of his life, remain unexplained or erroneous. The place of his burial is also a mystery. Today, there are no less than ten versions concerning the death of Yu.Khmelnytskyi, and none of them are true. Documentary sources known today allow us to reconstruct in more detail the last period of the hetman’s life and to express and substantiate the idea about his actual burial place.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing versions regarding the last years of the life, death and burial place of the Ukrainian Hetman Yu.Khmelnytskyi and to try to determine the most real of them.
The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity, and interdisciplinary. The following general historical methods were used: historiographical, historicalgenetic and comparative analysis.
Scientific novelty consists in the actualization in scientific circulation of some historical sources that were previously not taken into account by historians. Based on them, an attempt was made to determine the likely place of death and burial of Yu.Khmelnytskyi.
Conclusions. Today, it is safe to say that almost all the versions regarding the last years of the life and death of the Ukrainian hetman Yu.Khmelnytskyi turned out to be false and unfounded. Detailed analysis of a number of sources, including little known to historians, allows us to assert that his life after his resignation in 1681 ended peacefully, in the sleigh of a monk and, most likely, he was buried in the city of Gelibolu on the Gallipoli peninsula.
References
Chentsova, V. (2019). «Vossoedinenie». Vestnik «Alyans-Arheo», 30, 87–173. [in Russian].
Chukhlib, T. (1999). «Ukrainske Kniazivstvo» v turetskykh planakh. Ukraina kriz viky, 8, Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Chukhlib, T. (2009). Kniaziuvannia vid imeni Osmanskoi imperii hetmana Yuriia Khmelnytskoho. Kozaky i monarchy: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny rannomodernoi Ukrainskoi derzhavy 1648–1721 rr. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Kochegarov, K. (2019). Ukraina i Rossiya vo vtoroy polovine XVII v.: politika, diplomatiya, kultura: Ocherki. Moskva. [in Russian].
Kołodziejczyk, D. (2016). The Orthodox exarchate of Little Rus’: A few Remarks on the Ottoman Confessional Policy in the Late Seventeenth Century. Archivum Ottomanicum, 33, 254–255.
Kovalchuk, M. (2017). Orhanizatsiia provintsiinoho upravlinnia Osmanskoi imperii XVI st. za danymy Kanun-name. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zbirnyk, 19, 67–82. [in Ukrainian].
Królikowska-Jedlińska, N. (2019). W poszukiwaniu sojuszników? Rola Chanatu Krymskiego i Persji w polityce Jana III Sobieskiego wobec Imperium Osmańskiego (1674‒1696). Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Prace Historyczne, 146, 2, 331–345. [in Polish]. doi: https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.19.016.9912
Lastovskyi, V. (2004). Perebuvannia Yuriia Khmelnytskoho v chernetstvi: sproba rekonstruktsii. Vyzvolnyi shliakh, 9, 110–120. [in Ukrainian].
Lastovskyi, V. (2006). Chernetstvo Yuriia Khmelnytskoho. Heneza, 1 (11), 64–75. [in Ukrainian].
Litvinenko, Ye. (2011). Hetmanat Yuriia Khmelnytskoho kriz pryzmu nimetskoi drukovanoi khroniky «Theatrum Europaeum» (XVII – pochatok XVIII st.). Kyivska starovyna, 1, 110–122. [in Ukrainian].
Luniak, Ye. (2011). Perebuvannia Yuriia Khmelnytskoho u turetskomu poloni za svidchenniamy frantsuzkoho dyplomata de la Krua, Sicheslavskyi almanakh, 6, 5–16. [in Ukrainian].
Luniak, Ye. (2012). Yurii Khmelnytskyi u svidchenniakh frantsuzkykh dyplomativ druhoi polovyny XVII st. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 1, 143–152. [in Ukrainian].
Mytsyk, Yu. (1995). Yurii Khmelnytskyi. Volodari hetmanskoi bulavy. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Mytsyk, Yu. (2013). Khmelnytskyi Yurii. Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy, 10. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Safonov, A. (2012). Osmanskaia administrativno-pravovaia sistema na Balkanakh (XV–XVIII v.). Istoriko-pravovye problemy: Novyi rakurs, 5, 121–133. Kursk. [in Russian].
Shumilo, S. (2016). Svyatogorskij sled v sudbe volynskogo pravoslavnogo monakha i velikogo knyazya litovskogo Vojshelka (1223–1267). Trudy Kievskoj dukhovnoj akademii, 24, 236–243. [in Russian].
"Shumylo, S. (2013). Okultno-khudozhnii obraz „hrafa Drakuly” yak pryklad manipuliatsii ta vykryvlennia istorii. Religion.in.ua, merezhevyi resurs. [in Ukrainian].
Shumylo, S. (2021). Rozvytok ukrainsko-afonskykh dukhovno-kulturnykh zviazkiv u XVII – pershii tretyni XIX st. (Candidate’s thesis). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Smolii, V., Stepankov, V. (2009). Ukrainska natsionalna revoliutsiia XVII st. (1648–1676). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Takaoğlu, T., Ataba, M. (2017). On the Fate of Ottoman Cultural Properties during the Gallipoli Campaign. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, 15, 23, 249–256. doi: https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.348265
Turanly, F. (2016). Kozatska doba istorii Ukrainy v osmansko-turetskykh pysemnykh dzherelakh (druha polovyna XVI – persha chvert XVIII st.). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Χρυσοχοϊδης, Κ. (2006). Ο άσημος και ο διάσημος στη μοναστική κοινότητα της Ανατολής, Ήρωες και ανώνυμοι, αφανείς και επώνυμοι στις παρυφές της ιστορίας και της τέχνης. Αθήνα [in Greece].
