Origins and Transformations of the Russian Historiographical Myth about Napoleon Bonaparte’s Political Plans for Russia on the Eve and During the War of 1812

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2024.01.113

Keywords:

Russian historiography, myths, Napoleon Bonaparte, War of 1812, Polish question, Ukrainian lands., Russian historiography, myths, Napoleon Bonaparte, War of 1812, Polish question, Ukrainian lands

Abstract

The purpose is to rethink critically the Russian historiographical heritage of the War of 1812.

The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and impartiality. The problematic-chronological and comparative-historical methods, including historiographical analysis and a critical-analytical approach are used.

Scientific novelty. For the first time in modern domestic historiography, the author has attempted to study thoroughly, involving various sources, the specifics of the formation and spread of myths in Russian official historiography about Napoleon Bonaparte’s political plans for Russia on the eve of and during the military campaign of 1812. For the first time in historiography, the author refuted the assertion of some Russian historians, which became widespread in historiography, that, allegedly, during his stay in Moscow, the French emperor planned to divide and destroy Russia.

Conclusions. The author traced the origins of the creation and spread of Russian myths and falsifications about Russian-French relations on the eve of the War of 1812 and Napoleon’s political plans during this campaign. Based on the works of official Russian historians, the author came to the conclusion that the distortion of historical realities arose in general due to the political order of the Russian government.

References

Zakharchuk, O. M. (2023). Rol stalinskoi ideolohii u formuvanni novoi kontseptsii viiny 1812 r. Smolii, V. (Ed.). Perelom: Viina Rosii proty Ukrainy u chasovykh plastakh i prostorakh mynuvshyny. Dialohy z istorykamy. Kyiv. 3: 331-338. [in Ukrainian].

Zakharchuk, O. M. (2015). Zovnishnia polityka ta dyplomatiia Napoleona Bonaparta v robotakh suchasnykh vitchyznianykh istorykiv. Visnyk Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. Istoriia. 1 (128): 23-29. [in Ukrainian].

"Zakharchuk, O. M. Napoleon I Bonapart. Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian].

Adadurov, V. V. (2017). Voina tsivilizatsii. Sotsiokulturnaya istoriya russkogo pokhoda Napoleona. Kyiv. [in Russian].

Voitovych, L. (2018). Frantsiia i Napoleon Bonapart: viiny proty semy koalitsii. Ispanska ta rosiiska kampanii (1792-1815 rr.). Istoriia viin i viiskovoho mystetstva v 3-kh t. Kharkiv. 2: 704-814. [in Ukrainian].

Kravchenko, V. V. (1999). Ukraina naperedodni rosiisko-frantsuzkoi viiny 1812 r. ochyma suchasnyka. Skhid-Zakhid. Kharkiv. 2: 198-203. [in Ukrainian].

Potrashkov, S. V. (2000). Ukraina v Otechestvennoi voine 1812 hoda: vnutrennii aspekt. Otechest vennaia vojna 1812 g. Istochniki. Pamiatniki. Problemy. Mozhaisk. 208-217. [in Russian].

Potrashkov, S. V. (2009). Trevozhnoe vremya: yugo-zapadnie i yuzhnie okraini Rossiiskoi imperii nakanune i v nachalnii period napoleonovskogo nashestviya. Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Istochniki. Pamyatniki. Problemi. Mozhaisk, 2009. 41-53. [in Russian].

Adadurov, V. V. (2018). “Napoleonida” na Skhodi Yevropy: Uyavlennya, proekty ta diyalnist uryadu Frantsiyi shchodo pivdenno-zakhidnykh okrayin Rosiyskoyi imperiyi. Lviv. [in Ukrainian].

Shandra, V. S., Arkusha, O. H. (2022). Ukraina v XIX stolitti: liudnist ta imperii. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].

Adadurov, V. V. (2022). V odnii osobi vin i druh, i voroh: yak ukraintsi vyhaduvaly sobi obraz Napoleona. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi ohliad. 1: 50-62. [in Ukrainian].

Zakharchuk, O. M. (2013). Polske pytannia v dyplomatii Napoleona Bonaparta: novi pidkhody do vysvitlennia problemy u suchasnii rosiiskii istoriohrafii. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal. 3: 172-183. [in Ukrainian].

Zakharchuk, O. M. (2015). Napoleon Bonapart ta ukrayinske suspilstvo: istorychni dokumenty v interprytatsiyakh doslidnykiv. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal. 2: 163-183. [in Ukrainian].

Zakharchuk, O. M. (2014). Vplyv amatorskykh doslidzhen Ilka Borshchaka na pratsi napoleonoznavtsiv. Drohobytskyi kraieznavchyi zbirnyk. XVII-XVVIII: 384-408. [in Ukrainian].

Kalakura, Ya. S. (2022). Ideolohichna lehitymizatsiia zaharbnytskykh viin i konstruiuvannia obrazu voroha v rosiiskii istoriohrafii. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal. 4: 93-108. [in Ukrainian].

Holovko, V. V., Yakubova, L. D. (2021). Ukraina i vyklyky posttotalitarnoho tranzytu (1990-2019). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].

Smolii, V. (Ed.), Boriak, H., Yas, O. (Comps.). (2022-2023). Perelom: Viina Rosii proty Ukrainy u chasovykh plastakh i prostorakh mynuvshyny. Dialohy z istorykamy. Kn. 1-3. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].

Bulgakov, A. Ya. (1813). Russkie i Napoleon. Saint-Petersburg. [in Russian].

Deminskii, Ya. (1813). Pokhod Napoleona na Rossiyu... Saint-Petersburg. Ch. 1-2. [in Russian].

Chuikevich, P. (1813). Rassuzhdenie o voine 1812 goda. Saint-Petersburg. [in Russian].

(2019). Primechanie G. de Vodonkura k sochineniyu polkovnika P. A. Chuikevicha. Frederik Giiom de Vodonkur. Zapiski, kasayushcheisya istorii voini 1812 goda mezhdu Frantsiei i Rossiei i prinadlezhavshie peru shtabnogo ofitsera frantsuzskoi armii. Saint-Petersburg. 458-461. [in Russian].

Beskrovnii, L. G. (1962). Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Moscow. [in Russian].

Shein, I. A. (2013). Voyna 1813 goda v otechestvennoy istoriografii. Moscow. [in Russian].

Glinka, F. (1816). Rassuzhdenie o neobkhodimosti imet istoriyu Otechestvennoi voini 1812 goda. Syn Otechestva. 4, 27: 138-162. [in Russian].

Tartakovskiy, A. G. (1980). 1812 god i russkaya memuaristika. Moscow. [in Russian].

Tartakovskiy, A. G. (1981). U istokov russkoy istoriografii 1812 goda. Istoriograficheskiy yezhegodnik. 67-95. [in Russian].

(1813). Opisanie voini 1812 goda. Saint-Petersburg. [in Russian].

Akhsharumov, D. I. (1819). Opisaniye voyny 1812 goda. Saint-Petersburg. [in Russian].

(2002). Napoleon. Gody velichiya. 1800-1814. V vospominaniyakh sekretarya Menevalya ta kamerdinera Konstana. Moscow. [in Russian].

Popov, A. I. (2002). Velikaya armiya v Rossii. Pogonya za mirazhem. Samara. [in Russian].

(1912). La guerre de Russie. Notes et documents / publication par A. Chuquet. Paris. T. 3. [in France].

Zemtsov, V. N. (2020). Yubilei napoleonovskikh voin: pamyat i politika. Voina, politika, pamyat. Moscow. 112-280. [in Russian].

Sapozhnikov, A. I. (1998). Razvitie otechestvennoi istoriografii v nikolaevskuyu epokhu (D. P. Butulin, A. I. Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, D. M. Milyutin). Filosofskii vek. Almanakh. Vyp. 6. Rossiya v nikolaevskoe vremya: nauka, politika, prosveshchenie. Sankt-Peterburg. 272-283. [in Russian].

Mikhaylovskiy-Danilevskiy, A. I. (1839). Istoricheskoye opisaniye Otechestvennoy voyny 1812 goda. Saint-Petersburg, 1839, Ch. I-IV. [in Russian].

Mikhaylovskiy-Danilevskiy, A. I. (1839). Istoricheskoye opisaniye Otechestvennoy voyny 1812 goda. Saint-Petersburg. Ch. 1. [in Russian].

Buturlin, D. P. (1823-1824). Istoriya nashestviya imperatora Napoleona na Rossiyu v 1812 godu. Saint-Petersburg. Ch. I-II. [in Russian].

Chambray, G. (1823). Histoire de L’expedetion de Russie. Paris. T. 1-3. [in France].

Segur, F.-R. (1824). Histoire de Napoléon et de la Grand Armee pendant I’annee 1812. Paris. T. 1-2. [in France].

Faine, A-J. (1827). Manucrit de 1812. Paris. T. 2. [in France].

Jomini, A. (1827). Vie politique et militaire de Napoléon, racontée par lui-même au tribunal de César, d’Alexandre et de Frédéric. Paris. T. 4. [in France].

Polevoy, N. A. (1848). Istoriya Napoleona. Saint-Petersburg. T. 1-5. [in Russian].

Yas, O. V. (2011). Polevoi Mykola Oleksiievych. Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy. Kyiv. 8: 321-322. [in Ukrainian].

Shiklo, A. E. (1981). Istoricheskie vzglyadi N. A. Polevogo. Moscow. [in Russian].

Polevoy, N. A. (1848). Istoriya Napoleona. Saint-Petersburg. T. 4. [in Russian].

Voenskii, K. (Ed.). (1909). Akti, dokumenti i materiali dlya politicheskoi i bitovoi istorii 1812 goda. Sbornik Russkogo imperatorskogo istoricheskogo obshchestva. Saint-Petersburg. T. 128. [in Russian].

Panasenkov, Ye. N. (2018). Pervaya nauchnaya istoriya voini 1812 goda. Moscow. [in Russian].

Mikhaylovskiy-Danilevskiy, A. I. (2007). Istoricheskoye opisaniye Otechestvennoy voyny 1812 goda. Moscow. [in Russian].

Bogdanovich, M. I. (2012). Istoriya Otechestvennoy voyny 1812 goda. Moscow. [in Russian].

Troitskii, N. A. (1991). Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Istoriya temi. Saratov. [in Russian].

Popov, A. N. (1876). Fratsuzy v Moskve. Russkiy arkhiv. 7: 285-301. [in Russian].

Zemtsov, V. N. (2014). Napoleon in Moskva. Moscow. [in Russian].

Izarn, Zh.-F. (1869). Vospominaniya moskovskogo zhitelya o prebivanie frantsuzov v Moskve v 1812 gode. Russkii arkhiv. 9: 1399-1462. [in Russian].

Korbeletskiu, F. (1813). Kratkoye povestvovaniye o vtorzhenii frantsuzov v Moskvu i o prebyvanii v onoy. Moscow. [in Russian].

(2007). Correspondance générale de Napoléon Bonaparte. T. 12. La campagne de Russie (1812). Paris. [in France].

Tartakovskiy, A. G. (1967). Voyennaya publitsistika 1812 goda. Moscow. [in Russian].

Sokolnytskyy, M. (2003). “Ispolneno po vysochayshemu povelenyyu…”. Mynsk. [in Russian].

Soltyk, R. (1836). Napoléon en 1812. Mémoires historiques et militaires sur la campagne de Russie Paris. [in France].

Nadler, V. K. (1886). Imperator Aleksandr I i ideya Svyashchennogo Soyuza. Riga; Kharkov. T. 2. [in Russian].

(1884). 1812 god. Frantsuzy v Moskve po rasskazu abbata Syuryuga. Russkiy arkhiv. 4: 191-204. [in Russian].

Smirnov, V. N. (2009). Russkaya armiya v borbe s inozemnimi zakhvatchikami. Kharkov. [in Russian].

Published

2024-02-28

How to Cite

Zakharchuk, O. (2024). Origins and Transformations of the Russian Historiographical Myth about Napoleon Bonaparte’s Political Plans for Russia on the Eve and During the War of 1812. Ukrainian Historical Journal, (1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2024.01.113

Issue

Section

METHODOLOGY. HISTORIOGRAPHY. SOURCES