STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY UNDER GLOBAL CHANGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2024.12.003Keywords:
economic structure; cyclical reproduction of industrial capital; competitiveness; structural policy.Abstract
A theoretical study of structural changes in the national economy under global transformations has been conducted. The economic structure inherited by Ukraine was the result of forced industrialization, not the product of the evolutionary development of market system, therefore it could not change under the influence of market forces and update its production apparatus based on the cyclical movement of industrial capital. The structural changes in the national economy are shown to occur under the influence of market signals and primarily cover the basis of the economy – the enterprise. If cyclical renewal of industrial capital is carried out at the enterprise level, then such an enterprise functions on a market basis. The analysis of structural changes under the influence of market forces shows that the trajectories of the movement of export raw-material and domestically oriented industries are increasingly diverging.
Research on the dynamics of gross added value structure over 2010–2022 proved that Ukraine did not see significant structural changes resulting from the modernization of production. The structural changes carried out led to a reduction in the processing industries and an increase in the share of the agriculture, mining industry, and information and telecommunications sectors in the creation of added value. The structure of the national economy adapted to the requirements of domestic and external demand. In the absence of a structural policy, changes in the economic structure occur spontaneously, not under the influence of targeted actions of state bodies. It is proposed to recognize Ukraine's achievement of competitiveness in finished goods markets as a goal of modernization, a national strategy. The latter involves the implementation of a structural policy that will most fully conform to the specifics of the national strategy for increasing the competitiveness. The innovation associated with the adaptation of the technologies involved to operating enterprises is shown to be the desirable direction of structural policy. This requires significant institutional transformations capable of ensuring catch-up development in the post-war period.
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