Receptor Proteins on Cell Membrane – What are They for, or How Different Cells of the Organism Perceive the Environment?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2013.02.032Keywords:
G-proteins, GPCR, Nobel Prize, Kobilka, LefkowitzAbstract
Nobel Prizes 2012 in Chemistry were awarded to two American scientists — Brian K. Kobilka and Robert J. Lefkowitz for their work on «understanding how G-pro tein-coupled receptors (GPCR) function». GPC-receptors on the cell surface play crucial role in specific signals recognition from the cell surrounding environment. Interacting with various extracellular effecter molecules, as for example: hormones, neurotransmitters, bioactive peptides, ions, drugs etc, they control extremely large quantity of the most vital processes in the organism. GPCR is a family of eukaryotic cell plasma membrane protein receptors, which share common structure (have seven transmembrane domains) and which transmit a specific signal into the cell, due to the activation of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins). The latter activate a cascade of intracellular signals resulting in cell response to ligand binding to GPCR (or to the specific physiological effect). B. Kobilka and R. Lefkowitz made fundamental contribution into the research of GPCR function and conformational structure.
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