Universal biotechnology for treatment of toxic organic waste and metals with obtaining of valuable products
According to the materials of report at the meeting of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, December 28, 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.085Keywords:
fermentation biotechnology, toxic organic waste, metals, obtaining hydrogen, obtaining biofertilizersAbstract
The report deals with the study of the patterns of microorganisms interaction with organic waste and toxic metals, the determination of pathways for their treatment, optimization of the process and increasing its efficiency, as well as the development of the approach for the universal biotechnology for the simultaneous fermentation of multicomponent organic waste and the removal of soluble toxic metals with obtaining of a number of valuable products: molecular hydrogen, methane, solid fuel, biofertilizer, metal concentrate and purified water.
The approach is based on the thermodynamic prediction to optimize waste fermentation. It consists of the following principles: all microbial metabolism pathways are permissible only in H2O thermodynamic stability zone, in the range of Ео’ = –414…+814 mV; the optimal conditions for hydrogen and methane fermentation are pH = 7.0 under anaerobic conditions, i.e. at potential of –414 mV. Microbial metabolism regulation is necessary to achieve high efficiency of fermentation process. We have theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed 10 optimized fermentation parameters, such as pH (6.5—7.4), Eh (–350…–414 mV), particle size (5—20 mm), etc. The use of granular microbial preparation and the regulation of these parameters provided the significant increase in the speed and efficiency of hydrogen fermentation of waste. Using spatial succession, i.e. the change of ecosystem components, we have achieved complete purification of filtrate from soluble organic compounds formed after fermentation.
The thermodynamic prediction provided an effective combination of organic waste degradation and metal-containing sewage treatment by obligate anaerobic microorganisms. The reduction of chromates to insoluble Cr(III) hydroxide by hydrogen-synthesizing anaerobic bacteria during hydrogen fermentation of model waste (potatoes) was shown to be possible even at Cr(VI) concentration equal to 1000 mg/L.
Thus, the thermodynamic prediction method, the microbial metabolism regulation, the application of microbial preparations and spatial succession provided fast and effective treatment of a wide range of solid and liquid organic waste, as well as metal-containing sewage with obtaining of valuable products.
Cite this article:
Hovorukha V.M. Universal biotechnology for treatment of toxic organic waste and metals with obtaining of valuable products. Visn. Nac. Akad. Nauk Ukr. 2023. (2): 85—90. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.085
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