Mechanisms of autophagy or self-eating, permanent degradation of cell material that is indispensable to life
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2016.12.048Keywords:
autophagy, pexophagy, Atg proteins, non-specific (general) and selective types of autophagy, Nobel Prize, Y. OhsumiAbstract
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2016 was awarded to the Honorary Professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology Yoshinori Ohsumi for discovery of the mechanisms of autophagy. He elucidated the main steps of this process and identified genes involved in these particulate steps. The environmental stimuli which regulate autophagy were identified. In addition to general (non-specific) autophagy, selective processes involved in degradation of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and some organelles (mitochondria, peroxisomes, lipid droplets, nuclei) have been found. The laboratory of the author of present review discovered several genes involved in autophagic peroxisome degradation (pexophagy). The review also describes potential utilization of autophagy in medicine and biotechnology.
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