Механізми автофагії, або самопоїдання – постійної деградації клітинного матеріалу, без якої життя неможливе
Нобелівська премія з фізіології і медицини 2016 року
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2016.12.048Ключові слова:
автофагія, пексофагія, Atg-білки, неспецифічна (загальна) та селективні типи автофагії, Нобелівська премія, Й. ОсуміАнотація
Лауреатом Нобелівської премії в галузі фізіології і медицини 2016 р. став професор Токійського технологічного інституту Йосінорі Осумі (Yoshinori Ohsumi) з формулюванням «за відкриття механізмів автофагії». Він з’ясував основні етапи цього процесу та ідентифікував гени, що беруть участь на окремих його етапах. Виявлено чинники середовища, що регулюють автофагію. Крім неспецифічної (загальної) автофагії, ідентифіковано селективні процеси деградації ендоплазматичного ретикулуму, рибосом, а також певних органел (мітохондрій, пероксисом, ліпідних гранул, ядра). У лабораторії автора огляду відкрито кілька нових генів, залучених в автофагійну деградацію пероксисом (пексофагію). В огляді розглянуто також практичне значення вивчення механізмів автофагії для медицини і біотехнології.
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