Редагування геному, або CRISPR/CAS9 — панацея від багатьох невиліковних хвороб чи перший крок до генного апокаліпсису?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2020.03.050Ключові слова:
CRISPR/Cas9, редагування геномної ДНК, генна терапія, генетично модифіковані організмиАнотація
В огляді йдеться про історію відкриття, бурхливий розвиток і подальші перспективи застосування нового потужного інструменту для редагування геному — CRISPR/Cas9. Взявши за основу один з елементів захисної системи бактерій, вчені-біологи створили досить простий, дешевий і швидкий метод внесення змін у ДНК рослин, тварин і людини. Ніколи раніше людство не мало настільки точного знаряддя для маніпуляції генами, і це відкриває широкі можливості для профілактики та лікування багатьох захворювань. Водночас у суспільстві точаться гострі дискусії: благо чи зло несе людству CRISPR/Cas9? Як і будь-яка нова технологія, генне редагування викликає побоювання і піднімає низку серйозних етичних проблем, особливо щодо можливості його використання на клітинах зародкової лінії і геномі ембріонів людини. Проте вже зараз очевидно, що CRISPR/Cas9 — це не чергова модна «іграшка» для вчених, а революційна технологія, яка змінить наше майбутнє.
Посилання
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