Концептуальний підхід до використання постбіотиків на основі бактерійних мембранних нановезикул для профілактики розладів здоров'я космонавтів
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2022.06.034Ключові слова:
зміцнення здоров’я, постбіотики; екстрацеллюлярні мембранні везикули; мультимікробна культура комбуча; функціональне харчуванняАнотація
Функціональні продукти, що містять живі мікроорганізми та їх компоненти, необхідні для нормального функціонування організму людини, оскільки нормальна мікробіота кишечника потребує живлення зовнішніми мікробними організмами та їх наноструктурами – мембранними везикулами (МВ), що cекретуються/виділяються назовні. Це дослідження було започатковано концепцією, що МВ можуть робити свій внесок у здоров’я астронавтів так само, як і їхні батьківські клітини, і стати тимчасовою заміною живих мікробних клітин, поки не стане відомо більше про поведінку мікробів у космічному середовищі. Перевага МВ полягає в тому, що вони є неживими і не зазнають змін за несприятливих умов, як це може відбуватись із мікробними організмами. В якості моделі ми вибрали МВ стійкої до факторів навколишнього середовища мультимікробної культури комбучі (MКК), відомої своїми оздоровчими властивостями для людини. На початковому етапі перевірки концепції ми експонували МКК на Міжнародній космічній станції в гібридному космічному/марсоподібному середовищі. Під час дослідження впливу експонування ми помітили, що МКК пережила тривалий період експонування, а МВ, створені членами спільноти комбуча після польоту, не набули токсичності, незважаючи на змінений склад їх мембран після перебування в середовищі, що імітувало умови поверхні Марса. Це спостереження разом з нашими метагеномним та порівняльним геномним аналізами МКК домінантної бактерії МКК - Komagataeibacter oboediens - показали, що геноми наземного зразка та експонованого в космосі були подібними за топологією та зберігали стабільність геному. На наступному етапі ми розпочали оцінку придатності та безпеки МВ післяпольотного K. oboediens і показали, що вони були змінені, але зміни в структурі їх мембран не призвели до набуття ними цитотоксичності. Наша стратегія підтвердження концепції обговорюється в цьому огляді відповідно до даних літератури.Посилання
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